Responsible data use

Keep the frame

Do not hide incompatible years, units, boundaries, methods or evidence status. A country, city, authority and built-up area can sometimes be compared, but their definitions must remain visible.

Do not present projections as observed facts or rankings as explanations of cause. Larger does not automatically mean better.

People and small areas

Published small-area statistics can include disclosure-control measures or uncertainty. Do not use them to identify individuals, discriminate, stigmatise communities or construct harmful profiles.